Math Rendering Examples¶
The examples start always with a code box showing the commands, which is followed by the resulting Sphinx output.
Inline math¶
Some inline math :math:`x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n, n \in \mathbb{Z}`,
followed by text.
Some inline math \(x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n, n \in \mathbb{Z}\), followed by text.
Macros¶
You can define macros directly in your math directive.
.. math::
\def \x {\mathbf{x}}
\def \w {\omega}
\def \d {\operatorname{d}\!}
P(\x,\w) = \oint_{\partial V} D(\x_0,\w) G(\x-\x_0,\w) \d A(\x_0)
\[\def \x {\mathbf{x}}
\def \w {\omega}
\def \d {\operatorname{d}\!}
P(\x,\w) = \oint_{\partial V} D(\x_0,\w) G(\x-\x_0,\w) \d A(\x_0)\]
If you want to use them in the whole document, the best is to define them in
conf.py
as part of the katex_options
, see LaTeX Macros.
Afterwards, you can use them in every math directive.
Aligned environment¶
.. math::
\begin{aligned}
\dot{x} & = \sigma(y-x) \\
\dot{y} & = \rho x - y - xz \\
\dot{z} & = -\beta z + xy
\end{aligned}
\[\begin{aligned}
\dot{x} & = \sigma(y-x) \\
\dot{y} & = \rho x - y - xz \\
\dot{z} & = -\beta z + xy
\end{aligned}\]
Array environment¶
.. math::
\begin{array}{c:c:c:c:c:c}
\Gamma & \Delta & \Theta & \Lambda & \Xi & \Pi \\ \hdashline
\gamma & \delta & \theta & \lambda & \xi & \pi
\end{array}
\[\begin{array}{c:c:c:c:c:c}
\Gamma & \Delta & \Theta & \Lambda & \Xi & \Pi \\ \hdashline
\gamma & \delta & \theta & \lambda & \xi & \pi
\end{array}\]
Case definitions¶
.. math::
f(n) = \begin{cases}
\frac{n}{2}, & \text{if } n\text{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \text{if } n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}
\[ f(n) = \begin{cases}
\frac{n}{2}, & \text{if } n\text{ is even} \\
2n+1, & \text{if } n\text{ is odd}
\end{cases}\]
Matrices¶
A simple matrix defined with the pmatrix
environment:
.. math::
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{pmatrix}
\[\begin{pmatrix}
a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13}\\
a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23}\\
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}
\end{pmatrix}\]
The pmatrix*
environment is not available, but you can use the array
environment for more complex matrices:
.. math::
\def \msum {-\textstyle\sum}
\def \psum {\phantom{-}\textstyle\sum}
I_{ik} = \left(
\begin{array}{lll}
\psum m (y^2+z^2) & \msum m x y & \msum m x z \\
\msum m y x & \psum m (x^2+z^2) & \msum m y z \\
\msum m z x & \msum m z y & \psum m (x^2 + y^2)
\end{array}
\right)
\[\def \msum {-\textstyle\sum}
\def \psum {\phantom{-}\textstyle\sum}
I_{ik} = \left(
\begin{array}{lll}
\psum m (y^2+z^2) & \msum m x y & \msum m x z \\
\msum m y x & \psum m (x^2+z^2) & \msum m y z \\
\msum m z x & \msum m z y & \psum m (x^2 + y^2)
\end{array}
\right)\]
Equation numbers¶
Some of Maxwell’s equations are given in (1), (2), and (3).
.. math::
:label: gauss-law
\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = 4 \pi \rho
.. math::
:label: gauss-law-magnetism
\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0
.. math::
:label: maxwell-faraday-equation
\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t}
(1)¶\[\nabla \cdot \mathbf{E} = 4 \pi \rho\]
(2)¶\[\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0\]
(3)¶\[\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t}\]
Fraction¶
.. math::
1 - 2 \phi_{i,j} = \frac{4 N^{AA,aa}_{i,j}
+ N^{Aa}_{i}
+ N^{Aa}_{j}
- 2 N^{Aa,Aa}_{i,j}}
{\sum_{s \in S_{i,j}} 4 p_s (1 - p_s)}
\[1 - 2 \phi_{i,j} = \frac{4 N^{AA,aa}_{i,j}
+ N^{Aa}_{i}
+ N^{Aa}_{j}
- 2 N^{Aa,Aa}_{i,j}}
{\sum_{s \in S_{i,j}} 4 p_s (1 - p_s)}\]